Matera, located in southern Italy, is considered one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. Archaeologists have discovered evidence of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age, approximately 9,000 years ago. Its most famous feature is the Sassi, neighborhoods carved directly into soft limestone cliffs.
Over the centuries, entire communities developed within the Sassi. Families shared small cave houses, while farmers kept animals in nearby caverns. Monks built rock-hewn churches decorated with frescoes, leaving behind important examples of medieval art.
By the 20th century, however, living conditions in the Sassi had deteriorated to the point of being deemed unlivable. Many families lived without electricity, running water, or proper sanitation. The Italian government eventually evacuated residents from the caves in the 1950s, calling Matera a “national shame.” The Sassi sat abandoned for years, reminders of poverty and hardship.
But the city’s story did not end there. In the late 20th century, restoration efforts began, and the Sassi were recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993. Today, the ancient caves are preserved as part of Italy’s cultural identity. Many are now museums, hotels, and restaurants, showing how history and modern life can blend together.
Yesel Kang Copy Editor junior/1758697499/1613368124
1. Who lives in Matera’s Sassi neighborhoods today?
2. When did archaeologists find evidence of human habitation in Matera?
3. What are the Sassi and why are they famous?
4. Why did the Italian government evacuate residents from the caves in the 1950s?
1. Would you like to visit in Matera’s cave neighborhoods?
2. When would you want to explore ancient places like Matera?
3. What part of Matera, like the Sassi or rock-hewn churches, would interest you most?
4. Are you interested in history and modern life mix in Matera?
Matera, located in southern Italy, is considered one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. Archaeologists have discovered evidence of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age, approximately 9,000 years ago. Its most famous feature is the Sassi, neighborhoods carved directly into soft limestone cliffs.
By the 20th century, however, living conditions in the Sassi had deteriorated to the point of being deemed unlivable. Many families lived without electricity, running water, or proper sanitation. The Italian government eventually evacuated residents from the caves in the 1950s, calling Matera a “national shame.” The Sassi sat abandoned for years, reminders of poverty and hardship.
